Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve

The EGR system includes the EGR valve and the tubing and passages between the exhaust and intake ports. The ECM controls the valve according to input from various sensors. Its primary function is to reduce the amount of the harmful gas NO_x or Nitrogen Oxides created in the combustion chamber. This gas forms when nitrogen and oxygen bond at high cylinder temperatures. The EGR valve reduces the amount of NO_x produced by recirculating a regulated amount of inert gas (exhaust) into the intake manifold. This inert exhaust gas reduces cylinder temperature; this reduces the amount of NO_x produced in the combustion chamber.

There are different types of EGR systems used on different engines. A vacuum-operated EGR valve is illustrated. The valve is vacuum controlled by a duty cycle solenoid and closed by a spring. It opens in proportion to throttle opening. By mixing inert gas into the air/fuel charge, the cylinder's temperature is reduced. This valve prevents the engine's cylinders from reaching damaging temperatures and protects the environment from NO_x.

Clogged EGR Passage

OBDII systems monitor the flow rate through the EGR valve and set code P0401 if insufficient flow is detected. The passages in these systems can become clogged, blocking the flow resulting in insufficient EGR flow, detonation, and high NO_x emissions. If the solenoid, circuits, and EGR valve are good, and the passage is clogged, cleaning out the passages with a wire brush will normalize the system. Always check the manufacturer's specifications for special procedures.

The symptoms of a stuck open EGR valve are stalling, surging, and a rough idle. This stumble is noticeable. A stuck closed or restricted EGR valve results in high cylinder temperatures, detonation, and ping.