A/C Compressor Clutch Coil Test

An A/C compressor clutch coil is a simple device made of fine windings of wire wrapped into a coil. When current is passed through the coil, it creates a strong magnetic field that pulls a splined hub into contact with the spinning pulley. This action engages the compressor.

The coil contains a clamping diode to prevent voltage spikes when the clutch suddenly disengages. It protects relay contacts and the control devices, such as the PCM, the BCM, or the ATC module.

Clutch Coil Testing

Take great care when running these tests, because the coil's harness plug is small and may be difficult to test. Always use caution when working around hot or spinning parts. Check the circuit for proper voltage before testing the coil for resistance. Before testing, visually inspect the coil for overheating and cracking. Heat expands the coil and creates breaks in its windings.

Voltage Test: Remove the plug from the clutch coil and activate the A/C system by placing the selector on cold. Using the 20 volt setting on the DVOM, check for battery voltage at the harness connector. If the battery voltage is present at the plug, test the coil for resistance.

Resistance Test: Perform an A/C clutch coil resistance test with an Ohmmeter. Typically a clutch coil should be between the range of 2 to 5 Ohms, and any reading below 2 Ohms or over 5 Ohms indicates a bad coil. A reading of 0.00 indicates that there's a short in the windings. A reading of O.L or infinity indicates an open in the windings.

The diode should be tested as well. Diodes are like one-way check valves; the current flows in one direction but not the other. Many multimeters have a selection or function for testing diodes. Many coils contain zener diodes that allow current, but only up to a certain threshold. If unsure, check with the manufacturer's manual for specifications and special procedures for performing the test.